EDUCATION SYSTEMS
The cultivation of the mental, psychological and physical strengths of young people through a general and predefined country system is the educational system of a country.
The purpose of such a system is to provide education. The word education in ancient Greek had a similar meaning to that of “culture”, i.e. the general spiritual and mental cultivation of man and civilization. Today, with the semantic contrast of technical / material and mental/humanitarian culture, "education" only denotes cultivation mainly through school education.
For that reason, education is considered as one of the main pillars of society thus making it a priority for most countries. However, each one of them organize it differently according to their socioeconomic status. This suggests the diversity of educational systems. We have decided to break down and analyze some of them!
1] FINLAND:
Education is one of the cornerstones of the Finnish welfare society. We pride ourselves on an educational system that offers equal opportunities of education for all, irrespective of matters of residency, sex, economic situation or linguistic and cultural background.
THE FINNISH EDUCATION SYSTEM CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING:
Compulsory education is considered as a single unit but is divided into the lowest (7-13) and upper (13-16 year old). In the first, professors teach the lessons while in the second one specialized professors do the teaching. The 10th grade (age 16-17) is a preventative one and usually chooses those who do not continue their studies.
Upper secondary education has a 3-year duration of study and each student can choose general education school or technical schools (technical vocational training).
Higher Education includes two parallel sectors, universities (scientific research and theoretical knowledge) and polytechnics (vocational training institutions).
Notable facts:
· Studying in the 9th year of school is free of charge and includes teaching, teaching material, food and transportation (students take their school meal for free, which means mass catering facilities.)
· In secondary education, it is usually free of charge, but students only pay for teaching materials.
· In schools other than teachers, there are administrators, doctors, nurses, psychologists, cooks etc.
· The duration of the school year is 190 days (end of August and early June) and the teaching hours range from 19-30 per week depending on the class.
· Each teacher has his or her own room, so students are the ones who change rooms, and there are several workshops with appropriate equipment. All rooms are equipped with electronic equipment, such as a computer, a projector.
· There is limited entry to all fields of study. The applicant volumes outweigh the number of available places. Therefore, universities and polytechnics use different types of student selection criteria. Most commonly these include success in matriculation and entry tests.
· Classes are
small, seldom more than twenty pupils. From the outset pupils are expected
to learn two languages in addition to the language of the school (usually Finnish
or Swedish), and students in grades one through nine spend from four to eleven
periods each week taking classes in art, music, cooking, carpentry, metalwork,
and textiles.
2] GREECE
The
educational system in Greece is mainly characterized by its versatile
character, which is ordained by the numerous laws and decrees of the Greek
Ministry of Culture, Education and Religious Affairs. Over the years,
the Ministry in question has made significant changes to the education system,
most of which were mandated by the wish of each government to adopt recent
scientific findings and acclaimed education models of other countries in the
world.
THE Greek EDUCATION SYSTEM CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING:
Primary Education
Primary Education is provided by the Kindergarten that
introduces pre-primary education and the Primary School which constitutes the
first cycle of compulsory education. Attending the Kindergarten for two years,
from the age of four to six, is a preparatory phase that contributes to the
integration of children in Primary School.Attendance in Primary school is compulsory and lasts for six years, from the age of six until the age of twelve.
Secondary Education
Higher Education
Tertiary Education is divided into Higher University
Education, which is provided at Universities, and Higher Technological
Education, which is provided to Technological Educational Institutes
(TEI).Higher University Education includes Universities, Polytechnics, the
Higher School of Fine Arts and the Hellenic Open University. There are 20 Universities
in Greece operating in different cities in the country, which consist of
Schools, which in turn are divided into Departments and those in respective
Departments.Higher Technological Education has the role of contributing to the country's development process and the advancement of science and applied research. Education is geared to assimilating and transferring science data to production. Studies at TEI Compared to those in Universities, have a more applied character. In Greece there are 15 TEIs, which consist of at least two Schools, comprising two or more Departments.
Notable facts:
· Students
who successfully complete their studies in universities and T.E.I. are awarded
a “Ptychio” (degree) which leads to employment or further study at the
post-graduate level.
· Doctorate
degrees are obtained after a minimum of three years of original research,
including the preparation and writing of a thesis. In some doctoral programs,
theoretical courses are compulsory and are taken prior to individual research.
· University and
T.E.I. graduates can continue their studies to attain an MSc and a PHD provided
they meet the criteria set by each department running the courses.
· There are also
Higher Ecclesiastical Schools, supervised by the Ministry of Education and
other higher education institutions mainly supervised by other Ministries (for
example Merchant Marine Academies are under the supervision of the Ministry of
Mercantile Marine)
· There are a
number of international schools in Greece, most of which are situated in
Athens. There are also a few private international schools in Thessaloniki,
Larissa and Crete.
· Alongside public
schools there is a large number of parallel schools called frontisthria whose
main goal is to privately tutor students and help them in their exams and
school homework in general.
3] TURKEY
According to the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, every citizen has the right to education which is free of charge for the compulsory primary education. The academic calendar generally begins in mid-September and extends through to mid-June, with some variations between urban and rural areas. The school day usually have a morning and an afternoon session, but in overcrowded schools there is a split session. Schools are in session for five days a week (Monday to Friday) in a total of 35-40 hours. There is a two week winter break between January - February. Universities usually organize the academic year into two semesters, usually between October - January and between February/March - June/July.
The Turkish National Educational System is composed of two main sections: Formal Education and Non-formal Education.
Formal Education
Pre-Primary education
Pre-Primary education is an optional education for children between 3-5 years of age who are under the age of compulsory primary education. The purpose of this education is to ensure physical, mental and sensory development of children and the acquisition of good habits, to prepare children for primary education, to create a common atmosphere of growth for those living in inconvenient circumstances and to ensure that Turkish is spoken correct and well. Pre-school education is given in kindergartens, daycare homes, nursery classes in primary schools, and in private nurseries, all under the supervision of the Ministry. They are usually concentrated in larger towns and cities.
Primary Education
Primary education contains four years of Elementary school + four years of Middle school is compulsory followed by four years of compulsory high school education (makes a total of 12 years compulsory education).Primary education is compulsory for all boys and girls at the age of 5 and is given free of charge in public schools. Most elementary school students dress similarly in a type of uniform to avoid any social class differences between rich and poor students. If the children fails to pass the class, he/she has to repeat the same class next year. At the end of 8 years, successful students go for the Secondary education for 4 more years.
Secondary Education
Secondary education is compulsory for four years and covers general, vocational and technical high schools that provide four years of education. General high schools prepare students for higher learning institutions while Vocational and technical high schools provide specialized instruction with the aim of training qualified personnel.Graduates of the high schools can attend universities if they can pass admission exams
Higher Education
Turkish universities are Republican institutions, following Atatürk's principles. Universities, faculties, institutes, higher education schools, conservatories, vocational higher education schools, police and military academies and colleges, and application-research centers are considered as Higher Education institutions. Universities, faculties and institutes of four-year higher education schools are founded by Law, while the two-year vocational schools, departments and divisions are established by the Council of Higher Education
Non-Formal Education
Non-formal education services aim to teach reading-writing, help to continue education of students for finish their incomplete education, teach balanced nutrition and a healthy life style, teach people from various professions the knowledge and skills they need to improve themselves, and so on. There is also Distance Higher Education which is offered at the Open Education Faculty of Anadolu University. This program lasts for 2 or 4 years.
Notable facts:
· There are tuition fees for public higher education institutions. However, students can receive financial support if they do not have the necessary money to continue their education.
· In addition to normal high schools, there are also evening high schools usually operating in the same school building. These are designed to allow those who take up employment after primary (or middle school) to continue their formal education.
· Most of the high schools are owned by the State and provide free educational opportunities. In order to provide equal opportunities for the children with limited finances, there are State high schools with boarding facilities. These schools are free of charge and the students are placed according to the results of an examination. There are also many private high schools, which are paid by the parents, of course.
· Most elementary school students dress similarly in a type of uniform to avoid any social class differences between rich and poor students.
· In addition to normal high schools, there are also evening high schools usually operating in the same school building. These are designed to allow those who take up employment after primary (or middle school) to continue their formal education.
· Access to doctoral programs requires a master's degree and have a duration of minimum four years with.
· In public high schools and vocational high schools, students attend six classes each day, which last for approximately 40 minutes each. In Anatolian high schools and private high schools, the daily programme is typically longer, up to eight classes each day, also including a lunch period.
Conclusion
Education systems might differ from country to country but the importance of education still remains the same. It is the key to improving the quality of human life. It’s the core where the combined knowledge, skills, customs and values are passed on to the new generation and are essential in the development of an individual. In addition, the positive influence that these individuals can have on society once they are armed with the knowledge and experience to make a difference is immense, and there is no doubt that education is key to a world that is also a great place in which to live.
Education can change everything...
Creators:
Nousias Efraim
Boutsas Spuros
Boutsas Spuros
Zelegkou Jugers
Dougios Trufwnas
Dougios Trufwnas
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