EDUCATION SYSTEMS  AROUND THE WORLD

Education system in Norway:

Education in Norway is mandatory for all children aged 6–16.


The school year in Norway runs from mid August to late June the following year. The christmas holidays from mid December to early January historically divides the Norwegian school year into two terms. Presently, the second term begins in the beginning of January.


The Norwegian school system can be divided into three parts: Elementary school (Barneskole, ages 6–13), lower secondary school (Ungdomsskole, ages 13–16), and upper secondary school (Videregående skole, ages 16–19). The Barneskole and Ungdomsskole levels are compulsory, and are commonly referred to as Grunnskole (literally translates to "'foundation'-school", but "Basis-school" perhaps fits better).Elementary and lower secondary school are mandatory for all children aged 6–16.Students often have to change school when they enter lower secondary school and almost always have to change school when they enter upper secondary school, as many schools only offer one of the levels.

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Primary school, Barneskole, (Grades 1-7) ages 6-13

In the first year of primary school, students spend most of their time playing educational games and learning social structures, the alphabet, basic addition and subtraction, and basic English skills. In Grades 2-7, they are introduced to mathematics, English, science, religion (focusing not only on Christianity but also on all other religions, their purpose, and their history), aesthetics and music, complemented by geography, history, and social studies in the fifth grade. No official grades are given at this level. However, the teacher often writes a comment, analysis, and sometimes an unofficial grade on tests. Tests are to be taken home and shown to parents. There is also an introductory test to let the teacher know if the student is above average or is in need of some assistance at school.

Lower secondary school, Ungdomsskole, (Grades 8-10) ages 13-16When the students enter lower secondary school, at age 12 or 13, they begin getting grades for their work. Their grades together with their location in the country will determine whether they get accepted to their high school of choice or not. From eighth grade, students can choose one elective (valgfag). Typical offered subjects are German, French, and Spanish as well as additional English and Norwegian studies. Before the educational reform of August 2006, students could choose a practical elective instead of the languages. Teens born in 1999 and later could once again choose a practical elective upon starting lower secondary school, thus getting the option to choose two electives. A student may take the Grade 10 exam in a particular subject early as long as he or she has been granted an exemption from further instruction in the elementary/middle school curriculum of that subject. In 2009, Norwegian fifteen-year-olds performed better in OECDs Programme for International Student Assessment than other Scandinavian countries, with significant improvement since 2006. In mathematics, however, the top scoring 10% were estimated to lag three years behind the top scoring students in Shanghai.
Upper secondary school, Videregående, (Grades VG1-VG2) ages 16-19Upper secondary school (akin to high school) is three years of optional schooling, although recent changes to society (few jobs available for the age group) and law (government required by law of 1994 to offer secondary schooling in one form or another to everyone between the ages of 16 and 24 who submits the application form) have made it largely unavoidable in practice.Secondary education in Norway is primarily based on public schools: In 2007, 93% of upper secondary school students attended public schools. Until 2005, Norwegian law held private secondary schools to be illegal unless they offered a "religious or pedagogic alternative", so the only private schools in existence were religious (Christian), Steiner/Waldorf, Montessori schools, and Danielsen. The first "standard" private upper secondary schools opened in the fall of 2005.Since the introduction of the reform Kunnskapsløftet ("the knowledge promise" or "the lifting of knowledge", the word løfte having two meanings) in the fall of 2006, a student can apply for a general studies (studiespesialisering) or a vocational studies (yrkesfag) path. Inside these main paths there are many sub-paths to follow. An upper secondary school usually offers general and vocational curriculum. Vocational studies usually follow a typical structure named the "2+2 model": After two years of school training (with workshops and short internship in industry), the student goes in apprenticeship for two years in an enterprise or a public institution. The apprenticeship is divided into one year of training and one year of effective work. Some vocational curriculums are nonetheless entirely school-based, and other include 3 years of apprenticeship instead of 2.Students graduating upper secondary school are called Russ in Norwegian. Most of them choose to celebrate with lots of parties and festivities, which, impractically, take place a few weeks before the final examinations of the final year.

Education system in United States:

Education in the United States is provided by public, private, and home schools.


State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems, and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities. Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.


Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities. About 87% of school-age children attend public schools, about 10% attend private schools, and roughly 3% are home-schooled.

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Education is compulsory over an age range starting between five and eight and ending somewhere between ages sixteen and eighteen, depending on the state.This requirement can be satisfied in public schools, state-certified private schools, or an approved home school program. In most schools, education is divided into three levels: elementary school, middle or junior high school, and high school. Children are usually divided by age groups into grades, ranging from kindergarten and first grade for the youngest children, up to twelfth grade as the final year of high school.


There are also a large number and wide variety of publicly and privately administered institutions of higher education throughout the country. Post-secondary education, divided into college, as the first tertiary degree, and graduate school, is described in a separate section below.


The United States spends more per student on education than any other country. In 2014, the Pearson/Economist Intelligence Unit rated US education as 14th best in the world, just behind Russia. In 2015 the Programme for International Student Assessment rated U.S. high school students #40 globally in Math and #24 in Science and Reading. The President of the National Center on Education and the Economy said of the results "the United States cannot long operate a world-class economy if our workers are, as the OECD statistics show, among the worst-educated in the world.” U.S. Education Secretary John B. King, Jr. acknowledged the results in conceding U.S. students were well behind their peers. According to a report published by the U.S. News & World Report, of the top ten colleges and universities in the world, eight are American. (The other two are Oxford and Cambridge, in the United Kingdom.)

Education system in South Africa:

Education in South Africa is governed by two national departments, namely the department of Basic Education (which is responsible for primary and secondary schools, and the department of Higher Education and Training which is responsible for tertiary education and vocational training. Prior to 2009, these two departments were represented in a single Department of Education.


The DBE department deals with public schools, private schools (also referred to by the department as independent schools), early childhood development centres, and special needs schools. The public schools and private schools are collectively known as ordinary schools, and comprise roughly 97% of schools in South Africa.

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The DHET department deals with further education and training colleges, adult basic education and training centres, and higher education institutions.


The nine provinces in South Africa also have their own education departments that are responsible for implementing the policies of the national department, as well as dealing with local issues.


In 2010, the basic education system comprised 12 644 208 learners, 30 586 schools, and 439 394 teachers. In 2009, the higher education and training system comprised 837 779 students in HE institutions, 420 475 students in state-controlled institutions and 297 900 in state-controlled ABET centres.


In 2013, the South African government will spend 21% of the national budget on education. Some ten percent of the education budget is for higher education.


According to the national census of 2011, among the South African population, 35.2% of black/African, 32.6% of coloureds, 61.6% of Indians/Asians and 76% of white citizens have completed an education of high school or higher. 41.7% of the total population has completed an education of high school or higher, whereas 8.6% of the population aged 20 years and older have not completed any schooling.







At the end the Greek education system is divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary with an additional post-secondary level providing vocational training. Primary education is divided into kindergarden lastin one or two years, and primary school spanning six years (ages 6 to 12). Secondary education comprises two stages: Gymnasio (variously translated as Middle or Junior High School) a three-year old, after which students can attend Lykeion (an academically oriented high school) or Vocational training. Higher Tertiary education is provided by Universities and Polytechnics, Technological Educational Institutes and Academies which primarity cater for the military and the clergy. Undergraduate courses typically last 4 years, postgraduate (MSc level) courses last from 1 to 2 yearsand doctorates (PhD level) from 3 to 6 years.


All levels are overseen by the Ministry of Education, Research and Religious Affairs, The Ministry exercised centralized control over state schools by prescribing the curriculum, appointing staff and controlling funding. Private schools also fall under the mandate of the Ministry, which exercises supervisory control over them. At the regional level, the supervisory role of the Ministry is exercised through Regional Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education and Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education operate in every Prefecture. Tertiary institutions are nomically autonomous, but the Ministry is responsible for the funding, and the distribution of students to undergraduate courses. Currently the Greek government only recognises the degree programmes offered by the state-run universities although there are several private universities and colleges offering degree programmes that are validated and overseen by American, British and other European universities. The Greek government is pressured to recognise these overseas programmes.


The education system of Greece has been criticised over the years by Greek people for various issues, the difficulties levels of the exams during Panhellenic Examinations, number of teaching hours in school. The most serious problem, however, is these parallel school (greek translation =φροντιστήριο) in which students attend lessons for school as it provide elliptical education and they have to study for hours in the afternoon and in the evening. In the conclusion the education system of our country is the worst of the countries we have compared.

 
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